西安市城乡6—7岁儿童个性差异各维度比较分析

儿童个性差异方面的问题是心理学家和现代社会关注的问题,儿童身心健康状况和对社会良好的适应能力与其个性有着较为密切的关系。近年来,儿童个性发展因素已引起国内外专家学者的普遍关注,但是关于个性研究方面的资料大部分集中在高校大学生当中,涉及儿童的较少,尤其是关于城乡儿童个性各维度方面的研究更是少之又少。因此,极有必要对城乡儿童个性差异进一步地探讨,通过对儿童个性各维度的分析比较,找出城乡儿童个性之间的差异,从而指导家长、教师正确塑造和培养儿童的个性,使其身心得到健康发展,为西安市、陕西省乃至西北地区儿童身心健康发展提供解决思路和探索依据。     

沈阳铁西区工业迁出地居住小区土地利用优化

依据沈阳铁西区工业迁出地域34个新建居住区的用地结构、容积率、人口数量、景观特征、服务设施的调查数据,分析2002—2010年期间建设用地类型转化、居住区用地结构,结论是：住宅、道路和绿地成为工业迁出地域主要的景观类型;景观斑块破碎化程度降低,形状更加规则;工业建筑向住宅更新是城市景观的主要转化,绿地景观以草地为主;住宅向垂直方向扩张,低层建筑减少;人口快速增长,人口密度大;停车位严重不足,道路出行不畅,居住区用地结构需要优化.最后,提出了居住区土地利用优化的建议方案.     

纤维素在炭化和活化过程中的结构变化

以纤维素为原料,通过在氮气氛下炭化和水蒸气活化得到纤维素基炭.采用热分析、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射及低温N2吸附测试手段研究了纤维素的炭化和活化过程以及过程中炭微晶结构和比表面积的变化.纤维素分子结构中的C—OH、C—O—C、C—H等基团在280~380℃之间大量分解,380℃后少量裂解产生的小分子碎片或基团持续分解,同时碳元素发生结构重排,形成石墨微晶.炭化温度是影响纤维素基活性炭微晶结构及孔结构的关键因素,随炭化温度的升高,石墨微晶尺寸变大,孔结构得到发育,但活性炭的比表面积则呈先增加后下降趋势,当炭化温度为600℃时所得活性炭比表面积最大;炭化时间对炭微晶结构及比表面积的影响不显著;随着活化时间的延长,先是炭结构中的非微晶碳被氧化,比表面积及总孔容积变大,然后微晶碳被氧化,微晶结构被破坏,炭中部分微孔变成中孔或大孔,导致比表面积及总孔容积变小,当微晶间的非微晶碳被充分氧化而又不破坏原微晶结构时得到的炭孔隙最丰富.     

Redox condition during Ediacaran–Cambrian transition in the Lower Yangtze deep water basin,South China: constraints from iron speciation and δ~(13) Corg in the Diben section,Zhejiang

Cherts of the Piyuancun Formation and black mudstones of the Hetang Formation in Diben Town, Kaihua County, Zhejiang were deposited in a deep water basin of the Lower Yangtze area during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition(E–C transition), offering an opportunity to reconstruct the ancient redox condition of the deep water basin. Total 53 samples were collected and analyzed for iron speciation, including pyrite iron(FePy), carbonate associated iron(FeCarb), iron oxide and hydroxide(FeOx),magnetite iron(FeMag) and total iron(FeT) as well as d13 Corgto gain a deeper understanding of specific redox condition during the period. The results show that(1) most samples have pyrite concentration \1 %, with the FePy/FeHR ratio ranging from \0.01 to 0.81(mostly \0.5), and the FeHR/FeT ratio between 0.39 and 0.93(mostly [0.5).(2) The E–C boundary in the Diben section occurred at the maximum negative excursion of organic carbon isotope within the Piyuancun Formation, which can be correlated with other sections by using d13 Corg. We thus concluded that the relatively high content of highly reactive iron and low content of pyrite iron in the Diben section indicate a minor occurrence of H2 S and a predominance of anoxic and ferruginous environment, which is similar to other reported sections such as the Longbizui and Yanwutan sections, western Hunan. In addition, oxygen concentration in sea water showed an increasing trend in the interval corresponding to the bottom and upper layer of the Hetang Formation as indicated by the FeHR/FeT ratio, which decreased from 0.7 to 0.38, however, it was not great enough to oxidize the whole deep water. Therefore, during the E–C transition deep water basin in South China was most likely an anoxic and ferruginous enrironment, which prevented metazoon from the evolution in the deep water basin. Our work offers an important reference to better understanding of the spatiotemporal occurrence and dynamic processes of the ‘‘Cambrian Explosion'.     

Monitoring dynamic changes of global land cover types:fluctuations of major lakes in China every 8 days during 2000–2010

Remote sensing images can be used to delineate variations in the area of lakes and to assess the influence of environmental changes and human activities.However,because lakes are dynamic,results obtained from individual images acquired on a single date are not representative and do not accurately reflect ongoing changes.In this study,we used 8-day moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)composite data from 2000 to2010 to map water surface changes over 629 lakes in China.We combined automatic extraction of training data and support vector machine classification to derive the spatial distribution of these large water bodies.The producer’s and user’s accuracies for MODIS images were91.06%and 89.81%,respectively,when compared with interpretation results from 30 m resolution Landsat images taken on similar days.Area changes,variability,inundation intensity,and rainy seasons of the 629 lakes were analyzed based on this multi-temporal lake database.The total area of the 629 lakes increased over the study period,primarily as a result of the expansion of lake areas on the Tibetan Plateau.There were 12 lakes with a maximum area[1,000 km2,and six of these decreased in area from 2000to 2010.The shrinkages of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake were-54.76 and-25.08 km2/a,respectively.The area of lakes on Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,northeastern Inner Mongolia,and northeastern China varied little,while lakes on the Yangtze Plain,in southern Inner Mongolia,and central Xinjiang fluctuated considerably.Inundation intensity increased for lakes on the Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,Heilongjiang,and Jilin,while inundation extent decreased in central Xinjiang,southern Tibet,southern Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,and on the Yangtze Plain.This study is an attempt to develop high-frequency specific land cover maps to improve applicability of general land cover maps.The lake products serve as an important supplement to hydrologic data.The lake database enables the generation of new land surface process models,which could improve the precision of simulations,based on more accurate observations of dynamic lake systems.     

河南伏牛山区典型森林植被乔木层生物量研究

选择伏牛山国家级自然保护区的五种典型植被类型作为研究对象,对15块临时样方内的乔木树种,分别测量出树高,胸径等因子,通过异速生长模型进行不同乔木树种生物量测定,进一步进行分析.结果表明,在选取的五种典型森林植被中,生物量大小依次为落叶针叶林落叶阔叶林针阔混交林常绿针叶林锐齿槲栎林.在落叶针叶林中,日本落叶松各个器官生物量在总的生物量所占比重从大到小依次为树干树根树枝树皮树叶.这一生物量分配格局既有利于日本落叶松的自身生长,也体现了对环境的适应性.在落叶针叶林、落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、常绿针叶林、锐齿槲栎林中,乔木树种的地上生物量均大于地下生物量,尤其是对于落叶针叶林来说,地上生物量远远大于地下生物量.     

基于DEA的环渤海能源利用效率研究

环渤海经济圈的迅速崛起,对国家经济发展发挥着巨大的推动作用.从能源视角,采用数据包络分析法对环渤海地区、长三角地区的上海市和浙江省、珠三角地区的广东省2000—2011年能源利用效率进行了测度.结果显示,环渤海地区的能源利用效率要低于长三角地区和珠三角地区.目前,环渤海地区四省两市一区的能源利用效率排名依次为:北京、天津、辽宁、内蒙古、山东、河北、山西.在此基础上提出了提高环渤海能源利用效率的对策.     

基于TM/ETM+遥感影像的达里湖补给源研究

以近十年的多时相Land Sat TM/ETM+影像为数据源,从面积、变化率等方面对湖泊的变化过程进行研究,并结合达里湖流域临近四个雨量站的降雨量、蒸发量数据进行分析.结果表明,达里湖从2003—2013年湖面面积不断减小,面积由204.11 km2减小到180.02 km2,面积减少了24.09 km2,平均每年减少2.41 km2;近十年来,达里湖流域降雨量波动较大,但是没有明显减少趋势,流域蒸发量波动较小且远大于当地降雨量.分析达里湖流域湖泊面积变化与降雨量和蒸发量的关系显示,降雨量并非湖泊面积变化的决定性因素,蒸发量对湖泊面积变化影响较小.达里湖除接受降水补给外,还接受地下水的补给,且地下水可能并非来自当地降水.     

山区峡谷桥梁抗风设计基准风速取值与风荷载计算

国内山区峡谷区域的桥梁一般具有高墩大跨的特点,作用在主梁及墩上的风荷载会很大,确定桥梁的设计基准风速与风荷载就变得十分重要.结合某连续刚构箱梁桥算例,对比《公路桥涵设计通用规范》和《公路桥梁抗风设计规范》中对主梁横桥向风荷载计算的规定,指出两部规范的差异,为山区峡谷桥梁抗风设计提供理论依据;通过联系现有研究和规范分析了设计基准风速的确定,并结合某桥算例分析了各自算法的合理性,从而确定采用现有研究的方法计算山区桥梁设计基准风速,并按《公路桥梁抗风设计规范》规定计算山区桥梁的静阵风荷载更为合理.     

皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区人才开发研究

皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区是国家实施中部崛起战略的重点开发区域,要实现产业转移的高端承接,做率先崛起的“示范区”,就必须学习和借鉴发达国家的人才发展经验,把重点放在人才开发上,实施科学的人才开发战略,培养一支宏大的、高素质的人才队伍,为实现“示范区”战略目标和可持续发展提供持久的人才保障。